Booing: the sound of the crowd. It can change..
Twice in the last week some people attending England friendly matches at the Riverside Stadium on Teesside have booed England players taking the knee against racism. To their credit both the England players and manager Gareth Southgate have made it clear that when Euro 2020 starts on Friday they will continue.
The booing is of course from a noisy racist minority but loud enough to make their reactionary point.
Booing is a crowd tradition and historically crowds are volatile in their allegiances. On Sunday night when Marcus Rashford scored for England there was no discernible booing and a lot of cheering
Prime Minister Boris Johnson He was booed on the Saturday of the final 2018 cricket Test between England and India after TV cameras flashed up on the big screens available to spectators a picture of him playing with his mobile phone.
In the age of texts, twitter and e-mails shouldn’t booing be as old fashioned and redundant as the heckle at a political meeting? It would seem not from recent days
Infact booing has a long and complicated part in the history of protest.
Historically, certainly dating back to the time the crowd becomes an actor on the stage of history in the mid eighteenth century, booing has been a way of showing collective protest at the rich and powerful.
But it hasn’t been just booing.
What the American historical sociologist Charles Tilly called the ‘repertoire’ of the crowd went far beyond booing. It extended to hissing, groaning, hooting and pelting with missiles, often rotten vegetables or fruit but sometimes stones as well.
The London crowd in particular was well known from the start of the modern era for robust reactions to those it didn’t like. When John Wilkes, who went on to become Mayor of London, announced his intention to stand for Parliament at Middlesex in the late 1760s one of his opponents on appearing at a Brentford hustings found himself ‘jeered and hissed’
At the State opening of Parliament on 29th October 1795, EP Thompson notes in the Making of the English Working Class, the King was ‘hissed, hooted and his carriage pelted.. the King’s carriage window was fractured probably by a pebble’
Parson Woodforde recorded that George 111 was ‘hissed, hooted and groaned at by vast crowds’.
After the formation of the Metropolitan Police the authorities began to attempt to control unregulated street noises and two Acts of 1839 and 1841 aimed to ban all ‘uncommon noises’ from horn blowing to street cries.
The Acts were robustly enforced and their main provisions remain in force little amended today as anyone who has ever tried to organise or do anything on the street without telling the police will testify.
As E P Thompson himself noted there is no guarantee that the crowd will be progressive in intent. The Gordon Riots started with a crowd or mob attacking religious minorities but after a successful attempt to free prisoners at Newgate Prison, ended with an attempt to storm the Bank of England.
The historical point is that crowds can change their minds. Perhaps cheering Marcus Rashford rather than booing taking the knee is what needs to be socialised and encouraged
In August 1842 the 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards were mobilised from their barracks at Charing Cross to march to Euston Station and then by train to the north-west to be used against strikers involved in the 1842 General Strike, sometimes called the Plug Plot.
Large crowds of protesters gathered as the troops marched through central London and what the historian of London Chartism David Goodway describes as ‘murmurs of groans and hisses’ began. These grew so loud that the troops fixed bayonets in an attempt to silence the crowd. They failed.
In more recent times such crowd reactions have sometimes been stage managed- as at a pantomime and sometimes at sporting events, but the point about their use at a live event or on the street is that they are essentially spontaneous and unpredictable indicators of popular feeling.
It is not something that can be created from above or controlled it just happens Hated politicians like Osborne at the 2012 Olympics and Johnson get booed.
The good news for Johnson is that so far it has only been boos. The historical accompaniments of rotten fruit and eggs and dead cats have yet to appear
Leave a Reply