Winter nights: the history of the poor & night shelters. Not a lifestyle choice but a permanent feature of a market economy
With November and clocks changing we are firmly in the season of winter weather
In recent times in London the Mayor has made efforts to provide overnight shelter for those on the streets as winter weather sets in. This is replicated in many but not all areas of the country.
In his essay Comers and Goers (in Dyos, the Victorian City), the late historian Raph Samuel surveyed the seasonal migration of labour into and out of cities in the late Victorian period.
He noted that many came to winter in London, where, depending on the weather, night shelters, straw yards as they were called by those who used them, funded by private charity, opened up each November. The shelters were free and without obligation. People could stay for up to a month and they were heated with a huge open fire. The largest was at Playhouse Yard Cripplegate. The alternative was the Poor Law funded Casual Ward where a stay was limited to two nights and had to be paid for by a day’s forced labour.
Samuel lists many other places where people slept rough in London including railway arches and around the main hotels where heat was to be found, but the picture remains disturbingly similar 150 years on. Progress….
Now Suella Braverman is planning on organising vigilante night sleeper patrols. Rough sleeping is the product of poverty and a market economy as much now as in Victorian times. One can easily imagine Braverman featuring as a character in a Dickens novel
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